上篇文章中,我们构建了一个简单的日志系统。接下来,我们将丰富它:能够使用不同的severity来监听不同等级的log。比如我们希望只有error的log才保存到磁盘上。
1. Bindings绑定
上篇文章中我们是这么做的绑定:
channel.queue_bind(exchange=exchange_name, queue=queue_name)复制代码
绑定其实就是关联了exchange和queue。或者这么说:queue对exchagne的内容感兴趣,exchange要把它的Message deliver到queue中。
实际上,绑定可以带routing_key 这个参数。其实这个参数的名称和basic_publish 的参数名是相同了。为了避免混淆,我们把它成为binding key。
使用一个key来创建binding :channel.queue_bind(exchange=exchange_name, queue=queue_name, routing_key='black')复制代码
对于fanout的exchange来说,这个参数是被忽略的。
2. Direct exchange
Direct exchange的路由算法非常简单:通过binding key的完全匹配,可以通过下图来说明。
3. Multiple bindings
4. Emitting logs
首先是我们要创建一个direct的exchange:
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct')复制代码
我们将使用log的severity作为routing key,这样Consumer可以针对不同severity的log进行不同的处理。
publish:channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)复制代码
我们使用三种severity:’info’, ‘warning’, ‘error’.
5. Subscribing
对于queue,我们需要绑定severity:
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)queue_name = result.method.queuefor severity in severities: channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)复制代码
6. 最终版本
The code for emit_log_direct.py:
#!/usr/bin/env pythonimport pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct')severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)print " [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)connection.close()复制代码
The code for receive_logs_direct.py:
#!/usr/bin/env pythonimport pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct')result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)queue_name = result.method.queueseverities = sys.argv[1:]if not severities: print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]" % / (sys.argv[0],) sys.exit(1)for severity in severities: channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)print ' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C'def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print " [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body,)channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming()复制代码
我们想把warning和error的log记录到一个文件中:
$ python receive_logs_direct.py warning error > logs_from_rabbit.log复制代码
打印所有log到屏幕:
$ python receive_logs_direct.py info warning error [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C复制代码
参考资料:
1. http://www./tutorials/tutorial-four-python.html
2. http://blog.csdn.net/anzhsoft/article/details/19630147